Maggie Smith’s “The Before Picture”
I was reading Maggie Smith’s new poem “The Before Picture” and noticed how much thinking it demands from the reader. The topic of time/progress/the future is familiar, especially for students preparing for life after high school, but the poem does not explain itself easily. That makes it a complex text for teaching how multiple reads build understanding.
Students should not feel pressure to understand any poem right away. Each read adds another layer. This post models one way to structure purposeful rereads of any complex poem. While I use “The Before Picture” to show what this can look like in practice, the instructional moves are meant to be adaptable to any poem where meaning unfolds over time.
Below is one way to structure purposeful reads, each with a clear instructional focus.
Read 1: Gist Through One Word
Focus: What does this seem to be about so far?
Mini-lesson:
Read the poem aloud. Say something like, I’m not sure what this means yet, so I am trying to pay attention to the words that keep coming up in my mind. One word that keeps coming to mind is “time.” Circle or highlight the word time in the poem and underline a few related words such as before, future, now. Write the word at the top of the page.
Student work (partners or small groups):
Students reread and talk. Each group chooses one word that captures what the poem seems to be about or how it feels (time, change, anxiety, progress, stuck).
They write that word at the top of the poem and lightly mark lines that connect to it.
Emphasize that different words are expected.
Read 2: Imagery and Metaphor Linked to a Word
Focus: How the poet develops one idea
Mini-lesson (teacher models):
Choose one word from Read 1 (for example, time). Assign it a color (blue). Model highlighting imagery or metaphors connected to that word, such as time “dragging…like meat” or the future as “bait.” Add a short margin note with ideas on what those images suggest. Write multiple ideas to show that you don’t have the one right answer, just thoughts worth noting.
Student work:
Each group chooses a different word from Read 1 (for example, anxiety or hesitation) and a different color.
They highlight images or metaphors that support that word and annotate what those images suggest or what feelings they present.
Read 3: Structure and Craft
Focus: How the poem’s structure supports meaning
Mini-lesson (teacher models):
Teach briefly that poets use repetition, line breaks, and pacing intentionally. Model noticing repetition of now or refresh and annotate how it feels repetitive or cyclical, connecting it back to time.
Student work:
Students return to the poem and underline repeated words or phrases, mark short lines or breaks that feel abrupt or dragging and annotate whether these choices may be relevant to their word.
Read 4: Putting It Together
Focus: What the poem seems to be saying overall
Mini-lesson (teacher models):
Model looking across annotations and naming a possible meaning, using phrases like This makes me think the poet is suggesting… Refer directly to imagery and structure without polishing it into a paragraph.
Student work:
Students add final annotations answering:
– what the poem suggests about progress or the future
– why the speaker might prefer the “before”
– what the ending suggests about living in the present
Read 5: Reader Response
Focus: Moving from thinking to writing
Mini-lesson (teacher models):
Write a short paragraph connecting the poem to your own experience with time or change. Think aloud about choosing evidence from annotations and shaping an idea. You may agree with the speaker’s thoughts or disagree from your own experience.
Student work:
Students use the model to write a paragraph explaining how the poem may connect to teenagers and how they feel about growing up, moving on, facing the future, or whatever message connects to their chosen word.